The idea that diversity in isolated habitats depends on rates of colonization and extinction is part of the equilibrium theory of what biogeography.
Question
The idea that diversity in isolated habitats depends on rates of colonization and extinction is part of the equilibrium theory of what biogeography.
Solution
The idea that diversity in isolated habitats depends on rates of colonization and extinction is part of the equilibrium theory of Island Biogeography. This theory was developed by Robert MacArthur and Edward O. Wilson in the 1960s.
Here are the steps explaining the theory:
- The theory begins with a lifeless island.
- The island is colonized by new species. These species have arrived from other areas (mainland or other islands).
- As more species colonize the island, the rate of new species arriving decreases because it's more likely that a new arrival is a species that's already present.
- At the same time, as more species accumulate, the rate of extinction increases because of increased competition for resources.
- Eventually, an equilibrium is reached where the rate of colonization equals the rate of extinction. At this point, the number of species on the island remains relatively constant, but the actual species may change over time.
This theory is used to explain the species richness (number of species) observed on islands and other isolated habitats. It has also been used to guide conservation efforts, particularly in the design of nature reserves.
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