Explain the difference between a hub and a switch in a network. Provide an example of a scenario where using a switch is advantageous over a hub.

A hub and a switch are both devices used to connect multiple computers or other network devices together. However, they differ in how they handle data traffic.

1. Hub: A hub is a simple device that connects network components, often in a star topology. When a data packet arrives at one port, it is copied and transmitted to all the ports of the hub. This means that all devices connected to the hub will receive the data, regardless of whether the data was intended for them or not. This can lead to data collisions and a general decrease in network efficiency.

2. Switch: A switch, on the other hand, is more intelligent. It can "learn" the physical addresses (MAC addresses) of the devices connected to it. When a data packet arrives at the switch, it reads the destination address and then sends the packet only to the port where the destination device is connected. This reduces unnecessary traffic and increases network efficiency.

Example Scenario: Suppose you have a network of 50 computers in an office. If you use a hub, every time a computer sends data, all 50 computers will receive it, causing unnecessary network congestion. But if you use a switch, only the intended recipient will receive the data, making the network more efficient. This is why, in most cases, using a switch is advantageous over a hub.