Give reasoni. Anion is bigger in size than atom.ii. Isotopes have similar chemical properties

Reasoning for the Questions

i. Anion is Bigger in Size than Atom

1. Definition of Anion and Atom: An anion is a negatively charged ion formed when an atom gains one or more electrons. An atom is the basic unit of a chemical element, composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

2. Electron Gain in Anions: When an atom gains electrons to become an anion, the electron-electron repulsion among the additional electrons increases. This repulsion pushes the electrons further away from the nucleus, leading to an increase in the size of the ion.

3. Effective Nuclear Charge: In a neutral atom, electrons are held in balance by the positive charge of the protons in the nucleus. However, when electrons are added to form an anion, the effective nuclear charge that the outer electrons experience is reduced, as the increased number of electrons increases electron shielding.

4. Comparison in Size: Consequently, the balance of forces is disrupted. The outermost electrons are less tightly held, thus making the anion larger than its parent atom.

ii. Isotopes Have Similar Chemical Properties

1. Definition of Isotopes: Isotopes are variants of a particular chemical element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei.

2. Influence on Chemical Properties: The chemical properties of an element are largely determined by the number of electrons and their arrangement, which is based on the atomic number (number of protons). Since isotopes of an element have the same number of protons, they also have the same electronic configuration.

3. Similar Reactivity: The similar electron configurations result in isotopes exhibiting very similar chemical behavior, as chemical reactions involve interactions between electrons. As a result, isotopes participate in the same types of chemical reactions and form similar compounds.

4. Conclusion: While isotopes may differ in physical properties (like mass and stability), their chemical properties remain largely consistent due to their identical electronic structures.

In summary, anions are larger than their corresponding atoms due to additional electron repulsion, while isotopes have similar chemical properties because of their identical number of protons and electron configurations.