7. Failure of normal chromosome separation during cell division is called1 pointindependent assortment.crossing over.cytokinesis.nondisjunction.

Break Down the Problem

1. Identify the terminology related to cell division.
2. Understand the specific terms provided in the options: independent assortment, crossing over, cytokinesis, and nondisjunction.
3. Determine which term corresponds to the failure of normal chromosome separation.

Relevant Concepts

• Independent assortment refers to the process by which different genes independently separate from one another when reproductive cells develop.
• Crossing over is the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis, not directly related to chromosome separation failure.
• Cytokinesis is the process during cell division where the cytoplasm divides, resulting in two distinct daughter cells.
• Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly during cell division, leading to an abnormal distribution of chromosomes in daughter cells.

Analysis and Details

1. Independent assortment: Not related to separation failure; this is about gene distribution.
2. Crossing over: Involves genetic exchange, not separation failure.
3. Cytokinesis: Involves cell division but does not specifically address chromosome separation.
4. Nondisjunction: Directly refers to the failure of chromosomes to separate, resulting in gametes with an abnormal number of chromosomes.

Verify and Summarize

After analyzing each term, the only term that directly relates to the failure of normal chromosome separation during cell division is nondisjunction.

Final Answer

The correct answer is nondisjunction.