The techniques which move the program blocks to or from the physical memory is called as _

The techniques which move the program blocks to or from the physical memory are referred to as "paging" or "swapping."

Paging is a memory management scheme that eliminates the need for contiguous allocation of physical memory and thus eliminates the problems of fitting varying sized memory chunks onto the backing store. Swapping, on the other hand, refers to the process of moving whole processes in and out of the physical memory to the disk, which allows the system to manage multiple processes efficiently even if they do not fit into memory simultaneously.

In both cases, the main goal is to optimize memory usage and enhance the efficiency of program execution.