Question 9Genetic Engineering consists of experimental techniques to produce artificial DNA sequences. What does Synthetic Biology add?

Synthetic biology builds on the foundations of genetic engineering by integrating engineering principles into biology. Here are the key contributions of synthetic biology:

1. Standardization of Biological Parts: Synthetic biology aims to standardize genetic components (like promoters, terminators, and genes) to create a toolkit of interchangeable parts. This allows for more predictable assembly of genetic circuits and reduces complexity in genetic engineering.

2. Design and Modeling: Synthetic biology employs computational modeling and design tools, enabling scientists to simulate genetic constructs before actual experimentation. This predictive approach can reduce trial-and-error in genetic engineering by providing insights into how changes may affect organism behavior.

3. Increased Complexity: While genetic engineering often focuses on modifying single genes or pathways, synthetic biology allows for the design of larger and more complex biological systems. These systems can perform new functions, such as the production of biofuels or pharmaceuticals, which would be more challenging with traditional genetic engineering approaches.

4. Interdisciplinary Approach: Synthetic biology integrates fields such as computer science, engineering, biology, and chemistry, fostering innovative techniques and perspectives that have led to new types of organisms and functions not seen in nature.

In summary, while genetic engineering primarily manipulates existing biological systems, synthetic biology innovates by creating new biological systems and processes with enhanced control, predictability, and functionality.