What is the difference between autosomes and sex chromosomes?

Autosomes and sex chromosomes are two types of chromosomes found in the cells of organisms. Here's a brief explanation of their differences:

Autosomes

• Definition: Autosomes are chromosomes that are not involved in determining the sex of an organism. They carry genes that determine various traits and characteristics unrelated to sex.
• Number: In humans, there are 22 pairs of autosomes, making a total of 44.
• Function: Autosomes contain the majority of an organism's genetic information and are responsible for the inheritance of most traits.

Sex Chromosomes

• Definition: Sex chromosomes are involved in determining the sex of an organism. They carry genes that are related to sexual development and reproduction.
• Number: In humans, there is 1 pair of sex chromosomes, making a total of 2. These are known as X and Y chromosomes.
• Function: The combination of sex chromosomes determines the sex of the individual (e.g., XX for females and XY for males in humans).

Final Answer

The main difference between autosomes and sex chromosomes is their role in determining sex. Autosomes do not determine sex and are present in pairs in both sexes, while sex chromosomes determine sex and differ between males and females.