Explain the functions of following 1.casing of Pelton wheel 2. Notch ofbucket 3. Governing mechanism

1. Casing of Pelton wheel: The casing of a Pelton wheel serves several important functions:

• It encloses the entire Pelton wheel assembly, providing protection and support to the wheel and other components.
• The casing helps to maintain a controlled flow of water towards the buckets of the wheel.
• It also helps to prevent water splashing and ensures that the water jet from the nozzle strikes the buckets at the correct angle.
• The casing is designed to minimize energy losses due to leakage and friction, thus improving the overall efficiency of the Pelton wheel.

2. Notch of bucket: The notch of a bucket in a Pelton wheel is a crucial feature that helps in the efficient operation of the wheel. The main functions of the notch are as follows:

• The notch helps to control the flow of water into the bucket. It ensures that the water jet enters the bucket smoothly and efficiently.
• The shape and size of the notch determine the amount of water that can be admitted into the bucket. By adjusting the size of the notch, the flow rate and power output of the Pelton wheel can be controlled.
• The notch also helps in maintaining the stability of the water jet, preventing it from breaking up or splashing as it enters the bucket.

3. Governing mechanism: The governing mechanism in a Pelton wheel is responsible for controlling the speed and power output of the wheel. It performs the following functions:

• The governing mechanism adjusts the flow rate of water entering the Pelton wheel. By controlling the flow rate, it can regulate the speed of the wheel.
• It ensures that the wheel operates at its optimum speed, maximizing its efficiency and power output.
• The governing mechanism also helps in maintaining a constant speed of the wheel, even when there are variations in the load or water supply.
• It achieves this by adjusting the position of the nozzle or the flow control valve, which in turn regulates the flow rate of water into the wheel.

Overall, the casing, notch, and governing mechanism are all essential components of a Pelton wheel, working together to ensure its efficient and controlled operation.