The voltage across a membrane is called the _____.Group of answer choiceschemical gradientelectrochemical gradientmembrane potentialosmotic potential

The voltage across a membrane is called the membrane potential.

Explanation

Membrane potential refers to the electric potential difference across the membrane of a cell. It arises due to the differential distribution of ions, mainly sodium (Na⁺) and potassium (K⁺), on either side of the membrane, and it is crucial for the function of neurons and muscle cells. This potential is established by various mechanisms, including the Na⁺/K⁺ pump, which actively transports ions against their concentration gradients, and ion channels that allow ions to flow according to their gradients.

The term “electrochemical gradient” refers to the combination of the concentration gradient and the electric potential, but it does not specifically denote the voltage itself. Therefore, in the context of the question, "membrane potential" is the most accurate term.