refers to laws and governmental rules that limit the freedom of business owners to manage their businesses as they please.

The term you are referring to is "regulatory constraints" or "regulations." These are legal frameworks established by governmental authorities that dictate how businesses operate within a certain jurisdiction. Regulatory constraints can take many forms, including:

1. Licensing Requirements: Businesses may need specific licenses to operate legally, ensuring they meet industry standards.

2. Environmental Regulations: These rules aim to protect the environment by limiting the amount of pollution a business can produce and requiring proper waste disposal.

3. Labor Laws: These include regulations regarding employee rights, minimum wage, working conditions, and benefits, which businesses must adhere to in their operations.

4. Health and Safety Regulations: Guidelines that dictate the safety standards a business must maintain to protect the health of employees and customers.

5. Consumer Protection Laws: Regulations that ensure consumers' rights are upheld, including truth in advertising and product safety standards.

While these regulations are critical for ensuring fair practices, safety, and compliance, they can also pose challenges for business owners by limiting flexibility and increasing operational costs. Balancing regulatory compliance with business strategy is essential for success in a regulated environment.