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9. What group of elements generally have the lowest second ionization energy?Group IGroup IIGroup VIGroup VII

Question

9. What group of elements generally have the lowest second ionization energy?

  • Group I
  • Group II
  • Group VI
  • Group VII
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Solution

Group I elements generally have the lowest second ionization energy.

Here's why:

Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom. The first ionization energy is the energy to remove the first electron, the second ionization energy is the energy to remove the second electron, and so on.

Group I elements (alkali metals) have one electron in their outermost shell. This electron is relatively easy to remove, resulting in a low first ionization energy. However, once this electron is removed, the resulting ion has a completely filled outer shell, which is very stable. Therefore, the second ionization energy - the energy required to remove another electron - is much higher.

In contrast, elements in other groups have more than one electron in their outermost shell. Therefore, their second ionization energy is lower than that of Group I elements because it's easier to remove a second electron from these elements.

So, in general, Group I elements have the lowest second ionization energy.

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