What type of cross is a mating between two individuals that are both heterozygous for the same two genes?

The type of cross that involves a mating between two individuals that are both heterozygous for the same two genes is referred to as a dihybrid cross. This type of genetic cross examines the inheritance of two different traits simultaneously.

In a dihybrid cross, the genotype of the parents would be represented as AaBb, where "A" and "a" represent the two alleles for the first gene and "B" and "b" represent the two alleles for the second gene. The resulting offspring can exhibit a variety of phenotypes that correspond to the combinations of these alleles.

Mendel's law of independent assortment applies here, meaning the alleles of one gene will segregate independently of the alleles of another gene during gamete formation. In a typical dihybrid cross, you can expect a phenotypic ratio of 9:3:3:1 among the offspring, reflecting the combination of traits inherited from both parents.