write the notes in points of chapter Power sharing Class 10 with Summery and important years (in the end). Also points from the lines of the book content

Chapter: Power Sharing (Class 10)

Notes:

1. Concept of Power Sharing:

   • Power sharing is the distribution of power among the organs of the government like the legislature, executive, and judiciary.
   • It is an essential component of democracy.

2. Forms of Power Sharing:

   • Horizontal Power Sharing: Power is shared among different organs of government such as the legislature, executive, and judiciary. It ensures that none of the organs can exercise unlimited power.
   • Vertical Power Sharing: Power is shared among governments at different levels – central, state, and local.
   • Power Sharing among Different Social Groups: Power can also be shared among different social groups such as the religious and linguistic groups.
   • Power Sharing among Political Parties, Pressure Groups, and Movements: Power sharing arrangements can also include sharing among different political parties, pressure groups, and movements.

3. Case Studies:

   • Belgium: In Belgium, power is shared among the French-speaking and Dutch-speaking communities. The capital city Brussels has a separate government in which both communities have equal representation.
   • Sri Lanka: In contrast to Belgium, Sri Lanka shows a negative example where the majority Sinhalese community refused to share power with the minority Tamils, leading to civil war.

4. Importance of Power Sharing:

   • It helps to reduce the possibility of conflict between social groups.
   • It is the very spirit of democracy.
   • It ensures the stability of political order.
   • It establishes harmony and peace.

Summary:

Power sharing is the essence of a democratic government. It involves the distribution of power among the different organs of government and between different levels of government. It also includes sharing power among different social groups and political parties. The case studies of Belgium and Sri Lanka illustrate the importance of power sharing. While Belgium's successful power sharing model has ensured peace and cooperation among different communities, Sri Lanka's refusal to share power has led to conflict and civil war.

Important Years:

1. 1956: The Sinhala Only Act was passed in Sri Lanka, marking the beginning of majoritarian politics.
2. 1993: The Belgian Constitution was amended to turn the country into a full-fledged federation.

Points from the Book Content:

1. Power sharing is necessary for democracy because it helps to reduce the possibility of conflict between social groups.
2. Majoritarianism can lead to social conflict, as seen in the case of Sri Lanka.
3. A good example of power sharing is Belgium where the French-speaking and Dutch-speaking communities share power.
4. Power sharing is not just about sharing among governments, but also among social groups and political parties.