compare the structure of a prokaryotic cell as found in atypical bacterium with the structures of typical eukaryoticcells in plants and animals

Prokaryotic cells, such as those found in bacteria, and eukaryotic cells, such as those found in plants and animals, have several differences in their structure.

1. Nucleus: The most fundamental difference is the presence of a nucleus. Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus, which contains the cell's DNA and is surrounded by a nuclear envelope. Prokaryotic cells, on the other hand, do not have a true nucleus. Their DNA is located in a region called the nucleoid, which is not enclosed by a membrane.

2. Size: Prokaryotic cells are generally smaller than eukaryotic cells. A typical bacterium might be 1-2 micrometers in diameter, while eukaryotic cells are typically 10-100 micrometers in diameter.

3. Organelles: Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, such as the mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus. These organelles perform specific functions necessary for the cell to function properly. Prokaryotic cells do not have these membrane-bound organelles.

4. Cell Wall: Both prokaryotic and plant cells have a cell wall. However, the cell wall in prokaryotes is made of peptidoglycan, while in plant cells it's made of cellulose. Animal cells do not have a cell wall.

5. DNA Structure: The DNA in prokaryotic cells is circular, while in eukaryotic cells it is linear.

6. Reproduction: Prokaryotic cells reproduce through a process called binary fission, which is a form of asexual reproduction. Eukaryotic cells, on the other hand, reproduce either sexually or asexually through a process called mitosis.

7. Cytoplasm: Both cell types have cytoplasm, a gel-like substance that houses the cell's components. However, the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells is compartmentalized by the presence of organelles.

8. Ribosomes: Both cell types have ribosomes, which are responsible for protein synthesis. However, prokaryotic ribosomes are smaller than eukaryotic ribosomes.

In summary, while prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells share some basic features, they also have several key differences in their structure and function.