Atherosclerosis begins to develop when there has been injury to Answer Question 19 cells.

Understanding Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is a condition characterized by the buildup of fatty deposits, cholesterol, and other substances in the walls of arteries, leading to narrowed and hardened arteries. This process can eventually lead to cardiovascular diseases.

1. Injury to Endothelial Cells: Atherosclerosis begins when there is damage to the endothelial cells, which line the blood vessels. This damage can be caused by various factors, including high blood pressure, smoking, high cholesterol levels, and diabetes.

2. Inflammatory Response: Once the endothelial cells are injured, it triggers an inflammatory response. The body sends white blood cells to the site of injury to start the healing process.

3. Lipid Accumulation: These white blood cells can become overwhelmed and take up oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, transforming into foam cells. This accumulation leads to the formation of fatty streaks.

4. Plaque Formation: Over time, if the injury persists and there are ongoing inflammatory responses, it can lead to the formation of plaques. These plaques narrow the arteries and can eventually rupture, causing blockages that lead to heart attacks or strokes.

Summary

In summary, atherosclerosis begins with injury to the endothelial cells, which are crucial in maintaining vascular health. The subsequent inflammatory response and accumulation of lipids play a vital role in the development of arterial plaques, significantly impacting overall cardiovascular health.