What type of network has nodes that are in close physical proximity to one another, such as within the same building?

The type of network you are referring to is called a Local Area Network (LAN).

A LAN connects computers and devices within a limited area, such as a residence, school, or office building. One of the primary characteristics of a LAN is the close physical proximity of its nodes, allowing for high-speed data transfer and often using Ethernet or Wi-Fi technologies to facilitate connectivity.

LANs typically support data rates that are significantly faster than wide-area networks (WANs), making them ideal for applications such as file sharing, gaming, and printing within the same local environment. Raspberry Pi, laptops, desktop computers, and network-enabled printers are common devices found in a LAN setup. Additionally, LANs can utilize a variety of networking protocols to establish communication between devices, ensuring efficient data exchange.