Hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanoparticles are characterised bya.UV visible spectrophotometerb.IR spectroscopyc.X-ray diffractiond.none of the above

Hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanoparticles are characterized by:

a. UV visible spectrophotometer: This technique can be used to study the optical properties of HAP nanoparticles, such as their absorbance and transmittance in the UV-visible range. However, it is not the primary method for characterizing these nanoparticles.

b. IR spectroscopy: Infrared (IR) spectroscopy is a common method for characterizing HAP nanoparticles. It can provide information about the chemical bonds and molecular structure of the nanoparticles. The presence of phosphate groups (PO4 3-) and hydroxyl groups (OH-) in HAP can be confirmed by IR spectroscopy.

c. X-ray diffraction: X-ray diffraction (XRD) is a key technique for characterizing HAP nanoparticles