An HDD has an average seek time of 3ms, a rotation time of 4ms, and a transfer time of 0.01s. What is the average I/O time?

The average I/O time for a hard disk drive (HDD) can be calculated by adding the average seek time, rotation time, and transfer time.

1. Convert all times to the same unit. In this case, we'll use milliseconds (ms). The transfer time is given in seconds, so we need to convert it to milliseconds. 1 second is equal to 1000 milliseconds, so 0.01 seconds is equal to 10 milliseconds.

2. Add the times together:

   • Average seek time = 3ms
   • Rotation time = 4ms
   • Transfer time = 10ms

3. Average I/O time = Average seek time + Rotation time + Transfer time = 3ms + 4ms + 10ms = 17ms

So, the average I/O time of the HDD is 17ms.