for standard TTL family IIH = 40 μA, IOH = –400 μA, IIL = 1.6 mA, and IOL = 16mA what is fan out?

Fan out is a term that is used to describe the number of logic gates that can be connected to the output of a given logic gate without affecting its operation. It is calculated by dividing the output current of the driving gate by the input current of the driven gate.

In this case, we have two scenarios to consider: when the output is high (OH) and when the output is low (OL).

1. When the output is high (OH), the fan out is calculated by dividing the absolute value of the output high current (IOH) by the input high current (IIH).

   Fan out (OH) = |IOH| / IIH = 400 μA / 40 μA = 10

2. When the output is low (OL), the fan out is calculated by dividing the output low current (IOL) by the input low current (IIL).

   Fan out (OL) = IOL / IIL = 16 mA / 1.6 mA = 10

So, the fan out for both high and low outputs is 10. This means that each gate can drive up to 10 other gates.