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What is the energy hill called that reactants must overcome to become products?

Question

What is the energy hill called that reactants must overcome to become products?

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Solution

The energy hill that reactants must overcome to become products in a chemical reaction is called the Activation Energy. Activation energy is the minimum amount of energy required for reactants to undergo a chemical reaction and form products. It represents the barrier to be overcome for transitions from the initial state (reactants) to the final state (products) and is crucial in determining the rate of a reaction.

In kinetics, the higher the activation energy, the slower the reaction rate because fewer molecules will have the necessary energy to collide effectively and result in a reaction. Conversely, lower activation energy means that more molecules can achieve the necessary energy, leading to a faster reaction. This concept is often represented in potential energy diagrams, where the peak of the curve indicates the activated complex or transition state, and the reactants are on the left, with products on the right.

Thus, understanding activation energy not only helps in grasping the dynamics of chemical reactions but also plays a critical role in fields such as chemical engineering and biochemistry, where controlling reaction rates is essential.

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