Since any engine has efficiency less than 1, the absolute zero can’t be attained. Justifyor comment.

The statement is based on the principles of thermodynamics. Here's a step-by-step explanation:

1. The efficiency of an engine is defined as the ratio of the useful work output to the total energy input. In other words, it's a measure of how well an engine converts energy from one form (like fuel) to another (like motion).

2. According to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, no engine can be 100% efficient. This is because some energy is always lost as waste heat. This is a fundamental property of the universe and not something that can be overcome with better engineering.

3. Absolute zero is the lowest possible temperature, at which point all molecular motion stops. In theory, if you could remove all heat from a system, you could reach absolute zero.

4. However, because no engine can be 100% efficient, you can never remove all the heat from a system. There will always be some waste heat left over. Therefore, you can never reach absolute zero.

5. This is a fundamental limit imposed by the laws of physics. It's not something that can be overcome with better technology or more effort. It's simply a fact of the universe we live in.