(a) Name the major raw materials used in the manufacture of the following:(i) polythene(ii) margarine(iii) cement

(a) The major raw materials used in the manufacture of the following are:

(i) Polythene: The primary raw material for the manufacture of polythene is crude oil. Natural gas is also used. These are processed to produce ethylene, which is then polymerized to produce polythene.

(ii) Margarine: The main raw materials for margarine include vegetable oils (such as soybean oil, sunflower oil, and palm oil), water, and sometimes milk. Other ingredients can include salt, emulsifiers, and natural or artificial flavors.

(iii) Cement: The major raw materials for cement production are limestone and clay. Other materials like gypsum and iron ore are also used in smaller quantities.