Change the permissions of the file .project_x.txt so that both the user and the group can read, but not write to, the file.

Sure, here are the steps to change the permissions of the file .project_x.txt so that both the user and the group can read, but not write to, the file:

1. Open a terminal: You can do this by searching for "terminal" in your computer's search bar and clicking on the application.

2. Navigate to the directory containing the file: Use the cd command followed by the path of the directory. For example, if your file is in the Documents directory, you would type cd Documents.

3. Change the permissions: Use the chmod command followed by the permissions you want to set, and then the name of the file. In this case, you want the user and the group to be able to read but not write to the file. The command would be chmod 440 .project_x.txt.

Here's what each part of the command means:

• chmod is the command used to change the permissions of a file.
• 440 is the permission code. The first digit (4) is the permission for the user, the second digit (4) is the permission for the group, and the third digit (0) is the permission for others. A 4 means "read", a 2 means "write", and a 1 means "execute". Adding these numbers together gives combined permissions. In this case, we want "read" (4) for the user and the group, and no permissions (0) for others.
• .project_x.txt is the name of the file.

4. Verify the changes: Use the ls -l command to list the files in the directory with their permissions. You should see that the permissions for .project_x.txt are now "r--r-----".

And that's it! You've changed the permissions of the file so that both the user and the group can read, but not write to, the file.