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Define the following:1) Composition of functions2) Monoid3) Existential Quantifier4) Partially Ordered Set5) Boolean Algebra6) Tree7) Complete Graph

Question

Define the following:

  1. Composition of functions
  2. Monoid
  3. Existential Quantifier
  4. Partially Ordered Set
  5. Boolean Algebra
  6. Tree
  7. Complete Graph
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Solution

  1. Composition of Functions: This is an operation that takes two functions f and g and produces a function h such that h(x) = g(f(x)). In other words, the output of function f becomes the input for function g.

  2. Monoid: A monoid is a set equipped with an associative binary operation and an identity element. It's a fundamental concept in abstract algebra. For example, the set of natural numbers with the operation of addition and the identity element 0 forms a monoid.

  3. Existential Quantifier: In logic, an existential quantifier is a type of quantifier, a logical constant which is interpreted as "there exists", "there is at least one", or "for some". It is usually denoted by the symbol ∃.

  4. Partially Ordered Set: A partially ordered set (also poset) is a set together with a binary relation indicating that, for certain pairs of elements in the set, one of the elements precedes the other. This relation must be reflexive, antisymmetric and transitive.

  5. Boolean Algebra: Boolean algebra is a subarea of algebra in which the values of the variables are the truth values true and false, usually denoted 1 and 0 respectively. It is used in logic gates and switches, and in computer science for variable assignment and comparison.

  6. Tree: In graph theory, a tree is an undirected graph in which any two vertices are connected by exactly one path, or equivalently a connected acyclic undirected graph.

  7. Complete Graph: A complete graph is a simple undirected graph in which every pair of distinct vertices is connected by a unique edge. A complete digraph is a directed graph in which every pair of different vertices is connected by a pair of unique edges in both directions.

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