What are the nine (9) key characteristics of play? Provide a brief outline of each characteristic.

Voluntary: Play is an activity that is freely chosen by the participants. It is not forced or obligatory, and individuals engage in it because they want to.

Enjoyable: Play is inherently pleasurable and enjoyable. The primary motivation for engaging in play is the enjoyment and fun it provides.

Intrinsically Motivated: The motivation to play comes from within the individual. The activity is done for its own sake, rather than for some external reward or outcome.

Non-literal: Play often involves imagination and creativity. Participants may engage in make-believe or pretend scenarios that are not bound by the literal or real-world constraints.

Active Engagement: Play requires active participation and engagement from the individuals involved. It is not a passive activity; players are actively involved in the process.

Self-directed: Play is often directed and controlled by the players themselves. They set the rules, make decisions, and guide the direction of the activity.

Process-oriented: The focus of play is on the process rather than the end result. The experience and the act of playing are more important than any final outcome or product.

Flexible: Play is adaptable and can change based on the participants' needs and desires. It is not rigid and can evolve as the play progresses.

Social: Play often involves interaction with others. It can help develop social skills, cooperation, and communication among participants.