With reference to the normative ethical theories, provide a justification for honesty and fairness among journalistic practitioners

Normative ethical theories provide a framework for determining what is morally right or wrong, and they can be applied to the field of journalism to justify the importance of honesty and fairness.

1. Deontological Ethics: This theory emphasizes duties or rules. According to deontological ethics, journalists have a duty to be honest and fair because these are inherently right actions. Honesty implies reporting the truth without distortion, while fairness involves presenting different viewpoints impartially. This is in line with the journalistic codes of ethics that stress accuracy, truth, and objectivity.

2. Consequentialism/Utilitarianism: This theory focuses on the outcomes of actions. From this perspective, honesty and fairness in journalism lead to the best overall consequences. Honest and fair reporting ensures that the public is well-informed, which is crucial for a functioning democracy. Misinformation or biased reporting, on the other hand, can lead to confusion, mistrust, and societal harm.

3. Virtue Ethics: This theory emphasizes moral character. In virtue ethics, honesty and fairness are seen as virtuous traits that journalists should strive to embody. A virtuous journalist who values truth and impartiality will naturally be honest and fair in their reporting.

4. Social Contract Theory: This theory suggests that people live together in society in accordance with an agreement that establishes moral and political rules of behavior. Journalists, as part of society, are expected to adhere to this social contract. Honesty and fairness are part of this contract, ensuring that journalists fulfill their role responsibly, respecting the rights of individuals while providing an essential service to society.

In conclusion, from the perspective of normative ethical theories, honesty and fairness are not just desirable traits but essential duties for journalists. They ensure the credibility of the media, the proper functioning of democracy, and the well-being of society.