Based on the principle of convection, ______________ material will rise while ____________ will sink.

Based on the principle of convection, warmer material will rise while cooler material will sink.

Explanation:

Convection is a fundamental principle of fluid dynamics that describes the process of heat transfer within a fluid (which can be a liquid or gas) through the movement of the fluid itself. When a material is heated, its particles gain energy and begin to move more vigorously, causing the material to expand and decrease in density. As a result, the lighter (less dense) warmer material rises.

Conversely, cooler material, which has been subjected to heat loss, has lower energy and its particles are more tightly packed, leading to a higher density. Therefore, it tends to sink. This cycle of rising warm material and sinking cool material creates convection currents, which play a crucial role in various natural processes, including weather patterns and ocean currents.