What are the causes of the Indian rivers becoming toxic?  A. Fossils  B. Agricultural  C. Conservation of water  D. Industrialisation

The issue of Indian rivers becoming toxic is a significant environmental concern, attributed mainly to a combination of factors. Among the options provided, the most relevant causes are B. Agricultural and D. Industrialisation.

1. Agricultural Impact: The excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture leads to runoff that contaminates river water. Nutrient loading from agricultural runoff causes eutrophication, which depletes oxygen levels and harms aquatic ecosystems.

2. Industrialisation: Rapid industrial growth has resulted in the discharge of untreated or inadequately treated industrial effluents into rivers. Heavy metals, chemicals, and other pollutants from industries contribute significantly to water toxicity, affecting both human health and biodiversity.

While conservation of water is crucial for sustainable management, it does not directly cause toxicity in rivers. Fossils (A) do not contribute to the toxicity of rivers. Hence, the most significant causes of river pollution in India stem from agricultural practices and industrial activities. Addressing these challenges requires stringent regulations, better management practices, and public awareness campaigns to protect these vital water resources.