Features of international monetary system____a.Independenceb.Transparencyc.Constant Fluctuationd.All of the aboveClear my choice

Analysis of Options

1. Independence: The international monetary system aims to provide nations with the freedom to establish their monetary policies, while also allowing for cooperation between countries.

2. Transparency: A key feature of a robust international monetary system is transparency, which ensures that countries are open about their economic conditions and policies, thus fostering trust and stability.

3. Constant Fluctuation: The value of currencies can fluctuate due to various factors such as interest rates, political stability, and economic performance, which are intrinsic features of an international monetary system.

Conclusion

Given that independence, transparency, and constant fluctuation are all inherent aspects of an international monetary system, the correct answer is:

d. All of the above

This choice encompasses the critical characteristics necessary for a functioning and effective international monetary framework.