Evaluate the contributions of Islamic scholars to Indian intellectual and artistic traditions.

Islamic scholars have made significant contributions to Indian intellectual and artistic traditions in several ways:

1. Architecture: Islamic scholars introduced new architectural styles to India, including the use of domes and arches. The Mughal architecture, a blend of Islamic, Persian, and Indian architecture, is a prime example of this. Notable structures include the Taj Mahal, Humayun's Tomb, and the Qutub Minar.

2. Literature: Islamic scholars greatly influenced Indian literature. They introduced Persian as a literary language in India. Many great works of literature were written in Persian by scholars like Amir Khusrau and Abul Fazl.

3. Music: Islamic scholars also contributed to Indian music. They introduced new musical instruments like the sitar and tabla. They also developed the Qawwali, a form of Sufi devotional music.

4. Philosophy: Islamic scholars introduced Sufism, a mystical dimension of Islam, to India. Sufi saints like Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti and Sheikh Salim Chishti played a significant role in spreading the teachings of love, humanity, and brotherhood.

5. Science and Mathematics: Islamic scholars like Al-Khwarizmi and Al-Biruni made significant contributions to the fields of mathematics, astronomy, and medicine. They introduced the decimal system and zero to the Indian numeral system.

6. Art: Islamic scholars introduced new forms of art to India, including calligraphy and miniature painting. The Mughal miniature paintings are a perfect example of this.

7. Education: Islamic scholars established several educational institutions (Madrasas) in India, which played a crucial role in spreading knowledge and learning.

In conclusion, the contributions of Islamic scholars have greatly enriched Indian intellectual and artistic traditions. They have left an indelible mark on India's cultural, intellectual, and artistic landscape.