Which of the following methods cannot transfer energy through a vacuum?Convection onlyRadiation onlyConduction and convectionConduction only

The methods that cannot transfer energy through a vacuum are Conduction and Convection.

Here's why:

1. Conduction: This is the process of heat transfer from one particle of matter to another without the movement of the particles themselves. It requires a medium to transfer heat, such as solids, liquids, or gases. In a vacuum, there are no particles to facilitate this transfer, so conduction cannot occur.

2. Convection: This is the process of heat transfer by the actual movement of the warmed matter. It takes place only in fluids (liquids and gases) where the heated fluid rises to the top, and the cooler fluid moves down to replace it, creating a circular motion. In a vacuum, there are no fluids, and therefore, no convection can take place.

3. Radiation: This is the process of heat transfer in the form of electromagnetic waves and can travel through the vacuum of space. This is how the heat from the Sun reaches the Earth.

So, the answer to your question is "Conduction and convection".