What type of muscle action produces the greatest magnitude of delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS)?a.staticb.concentricc.isokineticd.eccentricClear my choice

1. Break Down the Problem

We need to identify which type of muscle action is responsible for producing the greatest magnitude of delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS). The options provided include:

• a. static
• b. concentric
• c. isokinetic
• d. eccentric

2. Relevant Concepts

• Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS): A condition that occurs after intense exercise, characterized by muscle pain and stiffness.
• Muscle Actions:
  • Static: Muscle length does not change, and there is no movement.
  • Concentric: Muscle shortens as it contracts.
  • Isokinetic: Muscle changes length at a constant speed.
  • Eccentric: Muscle lengthens while under tension.

3. Analysis and Detail

Research has shown that eccentric muscle actions produce the greatest degree of muscle damage during exercise. Muscle damage is a primary contributor to DOMS. Eccentric movements cause more micro-tears in muscle fibers than concentric or static actions because they involve lengthening of the muscle while it is contracting.

4. Verify and Summarize

Studies consistently demonstrate that individuals experience more soreness following eccentric exercises compared to concentric or static. This can be confirmed through various scientifically controlled trials and empirical evidence reported in sports science literature.

Final Answer

d. eccentric is the type of muscle action that produces the greatest magnitude of delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS).