Which color and texture of Earth materials absorbs the greatest amount of short-wave radiation from the Sun?

The color and texture of Earth materials that absorb the greatest amount of short-wave radiation from the Sun are dark and rough surfaces. Here's why:

1. Color: Dark-colored materials, such as black or dark brown soil, absorb more sunlight than light-colored materials. This is because dark colors absorb all wavelengths of light and convert them into heat, so the more light a color absorbs, the more heat it generates.

2. Texture: Rough textures absorb more sunlight than smooth textures. The reason for this is that rough surfaces have more surface area to absorb sunlight and they also trap light in the nooks and crannies, preventing it from being reflected back.

So, a dark, rough surface like a field of dark, rough soil would absorb a great amount of short-wave radiation from the Sun.