Which of the following factor has destroyed our national institutions by corruption and nepotism?

The factor that has destroyed our national institutions by corruption and nepotism is poor governance. Here's a step-by-step explanation:

1. Poor Governance: This is the primary factor that leads to corruption and nepotism in national institutions. When those in power do not adhere to the rules and regulations that govern institutions, it creates an environment where corruption and nepotism can thrive.

2. Lack of Accountability: In a system where there is no accountability, officials can engage in corrupt practices and nepotism without fear of consequences. This lack of accountability can be due to weak institutions, lack of transparency, and a weak judicial system.

3. Lack of Transparency: When there is no transparency in the functioning of national institutions, it becomes easy for corrupt practices to go unnoticed. This lack of transparency can be due to the absence of proper auditing systems, lack of access to information for the public, and a culture of secrecy.

4. Culture of Impunity: In some cases, a culture of impunity can contribute to corruption and nepotism. This means that those who engage in these practices do not face any consequences, which encourages more people to engage in these practices.

5. Weak Judicial System: A weak judicial system that is unable to effectively prosecute and punish those guilty of corruption and nepotism also contributes to these practices. This can be due to a lack of resources, corruption within the judiciary itself, or political interference in the judicial process.

6. Lack of Public Awareness: Finally, a lack of public awareness about the negative impacts of corruption and nepotism can also contribute to these practices. When the public is not aware of the damage these practices can do to national institutions, they are less likely to demand change.