excess population is considered as a burden for an economy,but they can become human capital if there is an investment made in the form of

Education and Training: This is the most direct form of investment in human capital. By providing education, skills and training, the productivity of individuals can be increased, thus turning them from a burden into an asset for the economy.

Healthcare: Investment in healthcare can also be considered as an investment in human capital. Healthy individuals are more productive and can contribute more to the economy.

Infrastructure: Investment in infrastructure such as schools, hospitals, and transportation can also help in transforming the excess population into human capital. These facilities make it easier for individuals to access education and healthcare, and to commute to work.

Social Protection: Investment in social protection measures such as unemployment benefits, pensions, and child care can also help in transforming the excess population into human capital. These measures provide a safety net for individuals, allowing them to take risks and pursue opportunities that they might not otherwise be able to.

Innovation and Technology: Investment in innovation and technology can also help in transforming the excess population into human capital. By providing individuals with the tools and knowledge to innovate and create, they can contribute to the economy in new and valuable ways.