Explain ONE spatial change in manufacturing employment patterns as a result of deindustrialization.

Deindustrialization refers to the process of social and economic change caused by the removal or reduction of industrial capacity or activity in a country or region, especially heavy industry or manufacturing industry. Here is one spatial change in manufacturing employment patterns as a result of deindustrialization:

1. Shift from Urban to Rural Areas: In the past, manufacturing industries were primarily located in urban areas. This was due to several factors such as proximity to markets, availability of skilled labor, and easy access to transportation. However, with deindustrialization, there has been a shift in manufacturing employment from urban to rural areas.

This shift can be attributed to several factors. First, advances in technology and transportation have made it possible for industries to be located in rural areas, away from the traditional urban industrial centers. Second, rural areas often offer lower costs in terms of land and labor, which can be attractive to manufacturers looking to reduce costs. Third, the decline of manufacturing in urban areas has often been accompanied by a rise in service sector jobs, which can lead to a shift in the overall employment pattern.

In conclusion, deindustrialization has led to a spatial change in manufacturing employment patterns, with a notable shift from urban to rural areas.