Which of the following has been linked with heart disease?Question 13Select one:a.Angerb.Hostilityc.Depressiond.None of the abovee.All of the above

To determine which of the options has been linked with heart disease, we need to evaluate each one based on existing research and medical knowledge.

a. Anger: Research has shown that anger can increase the risk of heart disease. Episodes of intense anger can lead to increased heart rate and blood pressure, which can strain the heart.

b. Hostility: Hostility has also been linked to heart disease. People with high levels of hostility may experience more stress and have poorer health behaviors, which can contribute to heart disease.

c. Depression: Depression is another factor that has been associated with heart disease. Depression can lead to poor lifestyle choices, such as smoking and lack of exercise, and can also directly affect heart health through physiological mechanisms.

d. None of the above: This option is incorrect because we have established that anger, hostility, and depression are all linked to heart disease.

e. All of the above: Given that anger, hostility, and depression have all been linked to heart disease, this is the correct answer.

Therefore, the correct answer is:

e. All of the above