21) What is Searching and Sorting?22) List out different types of searching.23) What is a Linked List?24) List out different types of the Linked list.

21. Searching and Sorting:

Searching is the algorithmic process of finding a particular item in a collection of items. It can be done in two ways: Sequential Search (Linear Search) and Interval Search (Binary Search).

Sorting is the process of arranging items systematically, and it has two main types of algorithm: Internal Sorting and External Sorting. Internal sorting arranges items of a collection in a particular order, while external sorting involves external storage devices.

22. Different types of searching:

• Linear Search: It is the simplest form of searching. It traverses each element in the list until the desired element is found.
• Binary Search: This search method works only on a sorted list. It follows the divide and conquer strategy.
• Hashing: It uses a hash function to compute an index into an array of buckets or slots, from which the desired value can be found.
• Interpolation Search: It works better than Binary Search as it returns a closer value on sorted and uniformly distributed different lists.
• Fibonacci Search: It is a comparison-based technique that uses Fibonacci numbers to search an element in a sorted array.

23. Linked List:

A linked list is a linear data structure where each element is a separate object. Each element (node) of a list consists of two items - the data and a reference to the next node. The last node has a reference to null. The entry point into a linked list is called the head of the list.

24. Different types of Linked List:

• Singly Linked List: It is the most common. Each node includes data and a link to the next node in the sequence.
• Doubly Linked List: Each node contains two links that are linked to both the next node and the previous node.
• Circular Linked List: It is either a singly or doubly linked list in which the last node of the list points back to the first node (or the head) of the list.
• Multiply Linked List: Each node contains two or more link fields linking to other nodes.
• Header Linked List: It has a header node at the beginning of the list and this contains the number of nodes in the list.