What is referred to as an object that is given an initial velocity and is then acted solely upon gravitational force?

An object that is given an initial velocity and then acted upon solely by gravitational force is commonly referred to as a projectile. In physics, when an object is projected into the air and only gravity influences its motion, it's usually considered to be following a parabolic trajectory. This type of motion is analyzed under the field of kinematics, particularly projectile motion.

The motion of the projectile can be divided into two components: horizontal and vertical. The horizontal motion is uniform because there are no forces acting in the horizontal direction (disregarding air resistance), while the vertical motion is uniformly accelerated due to gravity. This means the object will experience a constant downward acceleration of approximately $9.81 \, \text{m/s}^2$ on the surface of the Earth.

Projectile motion can be described with equations of motion that take into account the initial velocity (both horizontal and vertical components), the angle of projection, and the time of flight, which helps determine the maximum height reached and the range of the projectile.