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Check that the ratio ke2/G memp is dimensionless. Look up a Tableof Physical Constants and determine the value of this ratio. Whatdoes the ratio signify?

Question

Check that the ratio ke2/G memp is dimensionless.

Look up a Table of Physical Constants and determine the value of this ratio.

What does the ratio signify?

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Solution

First, let's check if the ratio ke2/Gmemp is dimensionless.

  1. ke is Coulomb's constant, which has units of N.m^2/C^2 (Newton meter squared per Coulomb squared).
  2. e is the elementary charge, which has units of C (Coulombs).
  3. G is the gravitational constant, which has units of m^3/kg.s^2 (meter cubed per kilogram per second squared).
  4. me and mp are the masses of the electron and proton respectively, which have units of kg (kilograms).

So, the units of ke2 are (N.m^2/C^2) * (C)^2 = N.m^2. The units of Gmemp are (m^3/kg.s^2) * (kg)^2 = m^3/s^2.

The ratio ke2/Gmemp therefore has units of (N.m^2) / (m^3/s^2) = s^2/N, which is not dimensionless.

Now, let's determine the value of this ratio.

  1. The value of ke is approximately 8.99 x 10^9 N.m^2/C^2.
  2. The value of e is approximately 1.60 x 10^-19 C.
  3. The value of G is approximately 6.67 x 10^-11 m^3/kg.s^2.
  4. The value of me is approximately 9.11 x 10^-31 kg.
  5. The value of mp is approximately 1.67 x 10^-27 kg.

So, the value of ke2 is (8.99 x 10^9 N.m^2/C^2) * (1.60 x 10^-19 C)^2 = 2.30 x 10^-28 N.m^2. The value of Gmemp is (6.67 x 10^-11 m^3/kg.s^2) * (9.11 x 10^-31 kg) * (1.67 x 10^-27 kg) = 1.02 x 10^-68 m^3/s^2.

The ratio ke2/Gmemp is therefore (2.30 x 10^-28 N.m^2) / (1.02 x 10^-68 m^3/s^2) = 2.25 x 10^40 s^2/N.

The ratio signifies the relative strength of the electromagnetic force to the gravitational force between an electron and a proton. A larger ratio means that the electromagnetic force is much stronger than the gravitational force.

This problem has been solved

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