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What are the differences between Marxist and Functionalist theories of social change? 

Research Question

What are the differences between Marxist and Functionalist theories of social change? 
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Academic Insights

Marxist and Functionalist theories of social change differ fundamentally in their perspectives on the causes and nature of social change, with Marxism focusing on class conflict and exploitation, while Functionalism emphasizes social stability and the integration of societal components.

Key Insights

  • Marxist Theory:

    • Class Conflict: Marxist theory posits that social change is driven by class conflicts arising from the capitalist system, where the bourgeoisie exploits the proletariat .
    • Economic Determinism: It emphasizes the economic base of society as the primary determinant of social structures and changes .
    • Revolutionary Change: Marxists believe that significant social change occurs through revolutionary upheaval, leading to the overthrow of capitalist systems and the establishment of a classless society .
  • Functionalist Theory:

    • Social Stability: Functionalist theory views society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability .
    • Integration and Consensus: It emphasizes the importance of social institutions and norms in maintaining social order and integrating individuals into the societal framework .
    • Gradual Change: Functionalists argue that social change is evolutionary and occurs through gradual adjustments rather than abrupt transformations .

Conclusion

Marxist theory focuses on class conflict and revolutionary change driven by economic factors, while Functionalist theory emphasizes social stability, integration, and gradual evolutionary change. Both theories offer distinct but sometimes overlapping explanations for social change, highlighting different aspects of societal dynamics.

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Related Questions

  • What are the main principles of Marxist theory?
  • How does Functionalism explain social stability?
  • What role does conflict play in social change according to Marxism?
  • Can Functionalist theory account for social inequality?
  • How do both theories view the role of institutions in society?

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