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What are the causes and consequences of informal settlements? 

Research Question

What are the causes and consequences of informal settlements? 
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Academic Insights

The causes of informal settlements are multifaceted, including economic, social, and political factors, while their consequences range from inadequate housing and infrastructure to increased crime and poor mental health.

Key Insights

  • Causes of Informal Settlements:

    • Economic Factors: High population growth, housing shortages, unaffordability, and inefficient land supply processes are significant contributors .
    • Social Factors: Migration from rural areas, socio-cultural dynamics, and brokers' agitation play crucial roles .
    • Political Factors: Government policies, both past and present, significantly impact the development of informal settlements .
  • Consequences of Informal Settlements:

    • Inadequate Housing and Infrastructure: Informal settlements often lack basic amenities such as water supply, sanitation, and electricity .
    • Crime and Violence: High levels of crime and violence are prevalent, exacerbated by factors such as idle youth and inadequate policing .
    • Mental Health Issues: Residents, particularly young men, face significant mental health challenges, including depression and post-traumatic stress, driven by economic and social conditions .
    • Environmental Vulnerability: Informal settlements are often located in hazardous areas, making them highly susceptible to natural disasters like flooding .

Conclusion

The development of informal settlements is driven by a complex interplay of economic, social, and political factors, leading to severe consequences such as inadequate housing, increased crime, poor mental health, and environmental vulnerability. Addressing these issues requires comprehensive and adaptable strategies that consider the unique dynamics of each settlement.

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Water security: the “new normality” of informal settlements. Nature-Based Solutions as sustainable mitigation and adaptation strategies

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Related Questions

  • What factors contribute to the growth of informal settlements?
  • How do informal settlements impact local economies?
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  • How do governments typically respond to informal settlements?
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