What are the inherent (physical) limitations on data-rates across typical Last Mile networks?

The inherent physical limitations on data-rates across typical Last Mile networks include:

1. Distance: The further the data has to travel, the slower the speed. This is because the signal strength decreases as it travels further from the source, leading to slower data rates.

2. Medium of Transmission: The type of medium used for data transmission also affects the data rate. For example, fiber optic cables can carry more data at higher speeds than copper cables.

3. Interference: Interference from other electronic devices or networks can disrupt the signal and reduce the data rate.

4. Bandwidth: The bandwidth of the network determines how much data can be transmitted at a time. A network with a higher bandwidth can transmit more data and thus has a higher data rate.

5. Network Traffic: The amount of traffic on the network can also affect the data rate. If there are many users accessing the network at the same time, the data rate can be slower.

6. Hardware Limitations: The capabilities of the hardware used in the network can also limit the data rate. For example, older routers or modems may not be able to support higher data rates.