What are the key differences between traditional file storage and a DBMS? When might you choose one over the other?

Traditional File Storage and Database Management Systems (DBMS) are two different methods of storing data. Here are the key differences between them:

1. Data Redundancy and Consistency: In traditional file storage, data is stored in separate files leading to high data redundancy and inconsistency. On the other hand, DBMS minimizes data redundancy and ensures data consistency by storing data in a centralized location.

2. Data Isolation: In traditional file storage, data is isolated as it's stored in different files. This makes data access and integration difficult. DBMS, however, stores data in a single database, reducing data isolation.

3. Data Security: Traditional file storage systems lack robust security features. DBMS provides better data security with features like password protection, encryption, and access controls.

4. Data Integrity: DBMS has data validation rules to ensure data integrity, while traditional file storage lacks such features.

5. Backup and Recovery: DBMS has automatic backup and recovery procedures, whereas traditional file storage requires manual backup and recovery.

6. Concurrent Access: DBMS supports multiple users accessing the database concurrently without compromising data integrity. Traditional file systems do not support concurrent access effectively.

When to choose one over the other?

• Choose traditional file storage when you're dealing with small amounts of data, or when the data structure is simple and doesn't require complex queries or multiple user access.

• Choose DBMS when you're dealing with large amounts of data that requires complex queries, multiple user access, data security, and integrity. DBMS is also a better choice when the data is expected to change over time (dynamic).