Explain the components of data warehouse. What are the applications of data mining in e-Governance in the context of Nepal.

The components of a data warehouse include:

1. Database: This is the central component where all the data is stored and managed. It can be a relational database management system (RDBMS) or any other type of database depending on the requirements.

2. ETL Tools: ETL stands for Extract, Transform, and Load. These tools are used to extract data from different sources, transform it into a suitable format, and then load it into the data warehouse.

3. Metadata: This is data about data. It includes information like the source of the data, its format, when it was loaded into the warehouse, etc.

4. Data Marts: These are subsets of the data warehouse that are tailored to the specific needs of different departments within an organization.

5. End-User Tools: These are the tools that end users use to query and analyze the data in the warehouse. They can include tools for reporting, querying, data mining, and OLAP (Online Analytical Processing).

Data mining in e-Governance can have several applications in the context of Nepal:

1. Fraud Detection: Data mining can be used to detect fraudulent activities in various government sectors by identifying patterns and anomalies in the data.

2. Decision Making: It can help in making informed decisions by providing insights into public needs and preferences.

3. Service Improvement: By analyzing the data on public service usage, the government can identify areas that need improvement and take necessary actions.

4. Policy Making: Data mining can help in policy making by providing evidence-based insights into various social, economic, and environmental issues.

5. Citizen Engagement: It can also be used to analyze social media data to understand public sentiment and engage citizens in the governance process.