What is RLC series resonance circuit? Draw its impedance diagram? List its properties.

An RLC series resonance circuit is an electrical circuit consisting of a resistor (R), an inductor (L), and a capacitor (C), connected in series. This circuit is called a second order circuit as any voltage or current in the circuit can be described by a second order differential equation.

The resonance in a series RLC circuit occurs when the inductive and capacitive reactances are equal in magnitude but cancel each other because they are 180 degrees apart in phase. The result of this is that the circuit's impedance, Z, is at a minimum and is equal to the resistance, R, of the circuit.

The impedance diagram of an RLC series circuit is a straight line, which shows that the total impedance is the vector sum of the individual impedances of the resistor, inductor, and capacitor.

The properties of an RLC series resonance circuit are:

1. At resonance, the impedance of the circuit is at its minimum, and the circuit behaves like a pure resistive circuit.

2. The voltage across the resistor, inductor, and capacitor are in phase with the current.

3. The voltage across the inductor L leads the current by 90 degrees, and the voltage across the capacitor C lags the current by 90 degrees.

4. At resonance, the power factor of the circuit is unity.

5. The bandwidth of the series resonance circuit is the range of frequencies over which the current is equal to or greater than 70.7% of its maximum value.

6. The quality factor (Q factor) of the circuit, which is a measure of its resonant frequency response, is the ratio of the resonant frequency to the bandwidth.

7. The resonant frequency of the circuit is given by the formula 1/(2π√(LC)), where L is the inductance and C is the capacitance.

8. The current in the circuit at resonance is limited only by the resistance of the circuit.