Vygotsky emphasized learning through: a. scripted routines. b. positive reinforcement. c. scaffolds of stages. d. social interaction.

Breakdown the Problem

We need to identify the main concept emphasized by Vygotsky regarding learning. Vygotsky is known for his theories in developmental psychology and education.

Relevant Concepts

1. Vygotsky's key theories include the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) and the importance of social interaction in learning.
2. Unlike behaviorists, who emphasize reinforcement, Vygotsky highlighted the crucial role of social environments in cognitive development.

Analysis and Detail

• Option a: Scripted routines are not central to Vygotsky's theories.
• Option b: Positive reinforcement is more aligned with behaviorist theories rather than Vygotsky's.
• Option c: Scaffolding is a concept connected to Vygotsky, but it refers to support mechanisms rather than stages.
• Option d: Social interaction is a cornerstone of Vygotsky's approach, emphasizing collaboration and communication in learning.

Verify and Summarize

Considering Vygotsky's emphasis on the social context of learning and cognitive development, option d is the most aligned with his theories.

Final Answer

d. social interaction.