Proline is one of the amino acids found in proteins:CNCCHHHHHCHHHOHCOHow many sigma bonds are present in proline?

To determine the number of sigma bonds present in proline (with the given molecular formula CNCCHHHHHCHHHOHCO), we can follow these steps:

1. ### Break Down the Problem

We need to identify the structure of proline and count the sigma bonds in the molecule. Proline is a cyclic amino acid, and its structure needs to be understood to count the bonds accurately.

2. ### Relevant Concepts

• Sigma bonds (σ bonds) are the first bonds formed between atoms and are characterized by head-on overlapping of atomic orbitals.
• Each single bond between atoms is a sigma bond.

3. ### Analyze and Detail

1. Identify each distinct bond in the provided structure. The structure includes carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and hydrogen (H) atoms.
2. Each C-C bond and C-H bond is a sigma bond. The N-C bond is also a sigma bond.
3. From the provided structure (CNCCHHHHHCHHHOHCO), we can analyze:
   • Count the C-C bonds
   • Count the C-H bonds
   • Count the N-C bonds

4. ### Verify and Summarize

The proline structure is generally represented as:

      CH2
       |
   H2N-C-CH2
       |
      CH
      /
  CH2

In this structure:

• Count each bond:
  • C-C: There are 4 distinct C-C bonds.
  • C-H: Each carbon is attached to hydrogen atoms; the count can be deduced based on valency:
    • From the analysis of the proline structure, we will have 6 C-H bonds.
  • N-C: There is 1 bond between the nitrogen and carbon.

Combining these, we get:

• C-C bonds = 4
• C-H bonds = 6
• N-C bonds = 1

Total sigma bonds = C-C + C-H + N-C = 4 + 6 + 1 = 11.

Final Answer

The total number of sigma bonds present in proline is 11.