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Sucrose is composed of two monosaccharides, fructose and glucose, and these are not in the right configuration to react with Benedict’s reagent.

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Question:

Sucrose is composed of two monosaccharides, fructose and glucose, and these are not in the right configuration to react with Benedict’s reagent.

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Solution

Sucrose, a disaccharide, is indeed formed by the condensation of two monosaccharides, glucose and fructose. The linkage between them is a glycosidic bond formed through a dehydration reaction, which results in the release of a water molecule.

  1. Structure of Sucrose: Sucrose has a specific structure where glucose and fructose are linked via an α(1→2) glycosidic bond. This bond involves the anomeric carbon of glucose and the anomeric carbon of fructose, which are both in their cyclic forms.

  2. Benedict's Reagent and Its Reaction: Benedict's reagent is a solution containing copper(II) ions that is used mainly to test for reducing sugars. Reducing sugars have free aldehyde or ketone groups that can reduce the copper(II) ions to copper(I) oxide, forming a brick-red precipitate.

  3. Reason for Non-reactivity: Sucrose does not react with Benedict’s reagent because neither of the monosaccharides has a free aldehyde or ketone group in the configuration present in sucrose. The anomeric carbons are involved in the glycosidic bond, hence they are not available to undergo the redox reaction facilitated by the reagent.

In contrast, monosaccharides like glucose and fructose can react with Benedict's reagent since they can open up to expose their reducing ends when in a suitable environment (in the presence of water and under heating, for example).

In summary, the configuration of sucrose prevents its reaction with Benedict’s reagent due to the lack of free aldehyde or ketone groups, rendering it a non-reducing sugar.

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