Who among the following proposed that a theory should be open to criticism and falsificationa.Thomas Kuhnb.Karl Popperc.Francis Bacond.John Stuart Mill

The individual who proposed that a theory should be open to criticism and falsification is b. Karl Popper.

Karl Popper is a significant figure in the philosophy of science, and he is most well-known for his criterion of demarcation between science and non-science through the concept of falsifiability. According to Popper, for a theory to be considered scientific, it must make predictions that can be tested and potentially proven false. This means that scientists should seek to rigorously test their hypotheses and be open to critical scrutiny. If a theory is not able to be falsified, Popper claimed it falls outside the realm of science.

In contrast, Thomas Kuhn introduced the idea of paradigms in science and how shifts occur, while Francis Bacon emphasized the scientific method, and John Stuart Mill focused more on logic and empirical reasoning rather than the falsifiability of scientific theories.